The instructional design process

See the undermentioned conjectural state of affairs, you have been approached by a module member at UNC who has merely received a big grant for developing educational stuffs in her field of expertness. Although the module member knows her capable really good, she has ne'er been involved in a big development undertaking. Her annual undertaking involves working with other module members as capable affair experts and organizing the attempts of assorted media production contractors. The module member has approached you to assist her program this undertaking. Describe for her what is meant by instructional design in relation to this undertaking. In peculiar, she is interested in how instructional aims, choosing the right media, and formative development will assist her undertaking. Instructional design is a mussy procedure. It is a non-linear iterative procedure that includes legion visions and alterations. Sims and Koszalka ( 2008 ) define instructional design as â€Å" a purposeful activity that consequences in a combination of schemes, activities, and resources to ease acquisition † ( p. 570 ) . Merrill, Barclay, and van Schaak ‘s ( 2008 ) definition suggests purpose and intent when they describe the procedure as one which involves â€Å" making designs for effectual, efficient, and prosecuting direction † ( p. 174 ) . What we know about this peculiar grant is that it is a â€Å" big grant † with the intent of â€Å" developing educational stuffs † for one twelvemonth. Furthermore, this undertaking will affect working with assorted module members every bit good as media production contractors. Given these conditions, the instructional design theoretical account created by Morrison, Ross, and Kemp ( 2004 ) will be the underli ning usher for this treatment. The subdivisions on aims, message design, and formative development will be written in more item than other subdivisions based on the petition by the module member. Typically, the first measure in the instructional design procedure is placing the job. This involves calculating out if instructional design is appropriate. Because the grant has already been approved, it will be assumed that the demands appraisal, end analysis, and public presentation appraisal for the undertaking have been conducted and it was determined that direction is the appropriate manner to work out the job. The 2nd measure is to measure the demands of the scholars. Morrison et Al. ( 2004 ) suggest taking a expression at three facets of the intended audience: a ) general features, or â€Å" wide placing variables such as gender, age, work experience, instruction, and ethnicity † ( p. 57 ) ; specific entry competences, or â€Å" prerequisite accomplishments and attitudes that scholars must possess to profit from preparation † ( p. 58 ) ; and larning manners, or â€Å" traits that refer to how persons approach larning undertakings and procedure information † ( p. 58 ) . For the undertaking, the instructional interior decorator must take into consideration who the scholars are. Are they traditional undergraduate pupils? Are there international pupils? Are they from Colorado? Depending on the features of the scholars, direction will be altered to suit their demands. The 3rd measure is the undertaking analysis. Morrison et Al. ( 2004 ) describe three methods for specifying the content: subject analysis, procedural analysis, and critical incidence analysis. A subject analysis â€Å" is used to specify the facts, constructs, rules, and regulations that will do up the concluding direction † ( p. 80 ) . For the undertaking, it is of import to happen the cardinal stuffs that are relevant to the direction. If the other module are from different subjects, each capable country will necessitate to analyse their ain list of subjects. The procedural analysis â€Å" aˆÂ ¦is used to analyse undertakings by placing the stairss required to finish them † ( p. 84 ) . Making walkthroughs with other module members functioning as subject-matter experts may be a good attack. The critical incidence method â€Å" aˆÂ ¦is used to place the content related to interpersonal interactions and attitudes † ( p. 96 ) . Because in many instances, the aim of an direction is for pupils to derive the accomplishments that experts in the field have acquired, the subject-matter expert becomes a important portion of the design. Therefore, it is necessary to sit down with the other module to better understand the conditions and grounds for which they do what they do and how they do it. Taking into consideration the results of the undertaking analysis, the 4th measure is to make instructional aims. Aims are â€Å" aˆÂ ¦a aggregation of words and/or images and diagrams intended to allow others cognize what you intend your pupils to accomplish † ( Mager, 1984, p. 3 ) . Kaufman ( 2000 ) suggests making an ideal vision, or â€Å" aˆÂ ¦in mensurable footings, the sort of universe we want to make together for tomorrow ‘s kid † ( p. 92 ) as a starting point. This may be a good recommendation, particularly in a big grant where people ‘s thoughts about the agencies by which they get to the ends may be different or may conflict. By placing an ideal vision, planning is set at the mega-level, safely beyond the boundaries of the grant, leting different positions to hold upon a common ends or result. When this is completed, aims for the grant can be written so that they align with the ideal vision. One of the issues in working with a big group of people is that, without clearly stated aims, after a piece, people may acquire off path. When aims are clearly stated, both those involved in making the direction ( i.e. , teachers, instructional interior decorators, capable affair experts ) , the stakeholders, every bit good as scholars to the full understand the purpose of the lesson or course of study. There are three types of aims: cognitive, psychomotor, and affectional. Typically, aims are written for the cognitive sphere, or â€Å" aˆÂ ¦objectives related to information or cognition, calling, work outing, predicting, and other rational facets of larning † ( Morrison et al. , 2004, p. 109 ) . Therefore, merely objectives for the cognitive sphere will be discussed here. A simple manner of retrieving how to compose aims for the cognitive sphere is by utilizing the mnemotechnic ABCD. A refers to the intended audience of the educational stuffs. B is the behaviour, public presentation, or cognitive procedure that will be demonstrated by the scholar as a consequence of the direction. C is the status or accelerator by which the behaviour or cognitive procedures will be evaluated. D is any grade or standard that specifies and clarifies the B and C parts of the aim. Harmonizing to Morrison et Al. ( 2004 ) , aims can be behavioural aims or cognitive aims. If the aims are behavioural aims, it is recommended to province the terminal aim and any enabling aims that are aligned to those terminal aims. A terminal aim is â€Å" a major aim for a subject or undertaking † ( p. 116 ) . These aims tend to be more general and concentrate on the overall ends. Enabling aims are â€Å" the subobjectives that lead to carry throughing the terminal aims † ( p. 117 ) . These are more specific and may depict certain lesson activities or processs that are related to the acquisition undertaking. If higher order thought is one of the ends of the direction, it is recommended that the aims be classified in a taxonomy in order to guarantee that they are so mensurating higher degree ends, and are aligned to larning undertakings and appraisal. If the aims are behavioural aims in the cognitive sphere, the original Bloom ‘s Taxonomy is recommended ( Bloom, Engelhart, Furst, Hill, & A ; Krathwohl, 1956 ) . If the aims are based on cognitive procedures, more recent theoretical accounts such as the one by Anderson et Al. ( 2001 ) or Marzano and Kendall ( 2007 ) are recommended. After aims are stated, the instructional design procedure involves sequencing of content â€Å" aˆÂ ¦in such a manner as to assist the scholar achieve the aims † ( Morrison et al. , 2004, p. 136 ) . Morrison et Al. ( 2004 ) suggest three methods: Gagne ‘s Prerequisite Method, Posner and Strike method, and Reigeluth ‘s Elaboration Theory Sequencing Method. Because it is hard to find sequencing without a discipline-specific lineation of the content, it is beyond the range of this paper to propose sequencing processs. However, for more information, it is recommended to reexamine Morrison et Al. ‘s subdivision on sequencing. The measure after sequencing involves finding the schemes for the direction. Morrison et Al. ( 2004 ) describes two types of schemes, bringing and instructional. Delivery strategies describe the grade of individualisation. These schemes can be individualized or group-paced. Instructional schemes â€Å" prescribe sequences and methods of direction to accomplish an aim † ( p. 150 ) . Such schemes are written to make direction that is effectual, efficient, and appealing. The writers describe assorted prescriptions for learning facts, constructs, rules and regulations, cognitive processs, psychomotor processs, interpersonal accomplishments, and attitudes. With schemes determined, the following measure is to make the message. Message design is the procedure â€Å" to fix the instructional stuffs by interpreting the instructional design program into a unit of direction † ( Morrison et al. , 2004, p. 174 ) . This includes the preinstructional scheme, schemes for signaling, and utilizing images and artworks in the direction. For the undertaking, one preinstructional scheme is a pretest to measure anterior cognition of the pupils. Cognitivist research workers believe that anterior cognition is an of import factor in finding how to maximise acquisition, or alteration in long-run memory. Another preinstructional scheme is merely saying aims at the beginning of the category. Overviews and progress organisers serve to place relevant subjects and content of the lesson. Signing is another scheme that is a portion of message design. Signaling is â€Å" aˆÂ ¦to design the message so that it is communicated efficaciously † ( Morrison et al. , 2004, p. 178 ) . Some suggestions for the undertaking include expressed signals or arrow words to assist scholars spot the most relevant stuff. Morrison et Al. ( 2004 ) states that this can be done through lists, comparings and contrasts, temporal sequencing, cause and consequence, and through definition and illustration. Typographic signals are those signals in the text that emphasize of import information. Paying attending to headers and layout, every bit good as changing the type will assist maximise pupils ‘ focal point. Using and pull stringsing images and artworks is the 3rd scheme of message design. Harmonizing to Morrison et Al. ( 2004 ) , images are good to understand abstract information and to demo spacial relationships. Pictures and artworks such as original art, cartridge holder art, or exposure may heighten acquisition. However, costs effectiveness and copyright Torahs are necessary considerations for its usage. In developing the existent direction, Morrison et Al. ( 2004 ) supply good recommendations. The first recommendation is to do the direction concrete. One of the major cognitive ends in direction is to assist pupils make mental theoretical accounts. By supplying illustrations and artworks, concrete and shorter text, and legion illustrations, pupils will be able to solidify the mental theoretical accounts, doing it easier to recover the information from long-run memory. The 2nd recommendation is to command the measure size. This means that the direction should flux from one subject to the other. Some of the schemes to maximise measure size is utilizing consistent nomenclature and doing mentions to antecedently learned stuff. Pacing is another issue that must be considered through changing the figure of illustrations and supplying amplification on subjects that may be confounding. Another major consideration is cognitive burden. Harmonizing to Lohr and Gall ( 2008 ) , cognitive burden theory is the â€Å" cognitive theoretical account of information processing that emphasizes a conceptual mental work load in understanding human idea † ( p. 86 ) . Harmonizing to Lohr and Gall, cognitive overload and underload may both hinder acquisition. Effective acquisition means that the instructional stuff can non over-burden the pupils ‘ working memory. The usage of multimedia in larning as it relates to cognitive burden has been researched extensively ( see Mayer, 2001 ) . It is of import to understand basic multimedia rules sing the usage of text, life, and narrative prior to their usage in direction. The last measure that needs to be considered is rating. As stated in the debut, all of these stairss are non-linear and iterative. As it will go apparent, the rating subdivision is no exclusion to this regulation. Morrison et Al. ( 2004 ) define three types of rating: formative, summational, and confirmative. The map of formative rating is â€Å" aˆÂ ¦to inform the teacher or planning squad how good the instructional plan is functioning the aims as it progresses † ( p. 240 ) . These types of rating provide feedback to the teacher, the instructional interior decorator, the stakeholders so that alterations can be made to better the direction. During the development of the undertaking, one-to-one tests are recommended. This involves proving out the direction on single scholars. As the bill of exchange of the direction becomes developed, small-group tests can assist the instructional interior decorator expression for strengths and failings in the design. When the design is co mpleted, field tests are conducted. This involves the existent execution of the direction in existent schoolrooms. Summational rating â€Å" is directed toward mensurating the grade to which the major results are attained by the terminal of the class † ( p. 243 ) . Issues that will be considered include effectivity and efficiency of acquisition, cost of development, attitudes to the plan, and long-run benefits. Finally, verification rating is done over clip. This is done by carry oning a follow-up rating ( p. 244 ) . Through questionnaires, interviews, observations and other records, effectivity of the direction can be evaluated and reflected upon.

Social welfare

Social welfare Is based upon the premise that In an Ideal place, all people are treated with respect and dignity, and that; for a community to be responsive, It needs to be a place where members are valued for who they are and what they can offer the community. The goal of social welfare Is to fulfill the social, financial, health and recreational needs of all Individuals In a society. Social welfare seeks to enhance the social functioning of all age groups, both rich and poor.When other institutions in our society such as family and market economy fails, at times, to meet the basic deeds of individuals, or groups of people, then social welfare is needed and demanded. Richard Times argued that social welfare is much more than aid to the poor, and in fact, represents a broader system of support to the middle and upper class. It is the business of social welfare to: Find homes for apparentness children. Rehabilitate people who are addicted to alcohol.Make life more meaningful to older adults Provide vocational rehabilitation for persons with physical and mental dillydally Meet flannel needs of the poor Rehabilitate Juveniles and adults who have committed criminal offense End all hypes of discrimination and oppression Counteract violence in family including child abuse Provide services to people with WAITS and to their families and friends Counsel individuals and groups experiencing a variety of personal and social difficulties Serve families struck by physical disasters such as fire, hurricanes Provide housing for the homeless When a society strives for community betterment by developing methods and programs to promote social Justice and address social needs, this effort Is referred to as social welfare. However, the [perceptions of social welfare vary and there are several definitions of social welfare. Times, 1995, defines social welfare as: 1.The assignment of claims from one set of people who are said to produce or earn the national product to another set of people who may merit compassion and charity but not economic rewards for productive service. 2. Collective interventions to meet certain needs of individuals and to serve the wider interest of society Other available definitions include: 3. A system of social services and institutions designed to aid individuals and groups o attain satisfying standards of life, health and personal social relationships which permit them to develop their full capacities and promote their well being In harmony with the needs of the families and community (Friendlier,1 995, P. 140) 4. A subject of social policy which may be defined as the formal and consistent ordering of affairs (Gagger & Stores, 2010, P. 3) 5.A nations system of programs, benefits, and services that help people meet those social, economic, education and health needs that are encompasses people health, economic condition, happiness and quality of life. (Seal &Brzuzy,1998, P. ) 7. Society's organized way to provide for the persistent ne eds of all people for health, education, socio-economic support, personal rights and political freedom. Mamma 1995, P. 6) Own definition of social welfare The common themes in the definition above are: 1. Social welfare includes a variety of programs and services that benefit a target group. 2. Beneficiaries are not able to meet their basic needs on their own and so qualify for charity 3.Social welfare involves a system of programs designed to meet the needs of a people socio-economically and social well-being 4. End result of social lifer is to improve well-being of individuals/groups or organizations Therefore, according to me, social welfare refers to a variety of systems, programs and services designed and provided by a society, either on its own or in partnership with other institutions, to meet the specific needs of individual members, groups or communities to ensure a life of dignity for all its members and development of capacities for productive services. Definitions of oth er relevant terms Social services: Services delivered by social welfare agencies. May include individual services or institutional services e. Income projects, housing projects Welfare: Refers to the provision of minimal level of well-being and social support for all citizens, sometimes referred to as public aid. In developed countries, welfare is largely provided by the government and to a lesser extent, charities, informal groups, religious groups and intergovernmental organizations. Social Justice: Refers to ideal conditions in which all members of a society have the same basic rights, protection, opportunities, obligations and social benefit Social welfare policy: A designed framework, sometimes legislated, that offers a remark on how social welfare is provided by the government.Human services: Refers to welfare programs administered by the federal government and by non-profit and for-profit agencies The residual concept asserts that people should take care of themselves and rel y on charity from the government or non-governmental agencies for support only in times of crisis or emergencies. Characteristics of residual social welfare 1. In residual welfare, people are not considered eligible for help until all of their won private resources, which include family wealth and inheritance, help from church, friends, employers and so no, have been exploited. 2. Social services are only welfare one must prove their inability to provide for themselves and their families and this must be documented 4.Beneficiaries are routinely rectified for continued eligibility every few months to determine that they are still unable to meet their needs Residual welfare is mostly carried out by governments using tax funds. It is criticized for being too rigid. Critics say it can create a barrier for those who seek assistance due to the numerous eligibility criteria, which often causes clients to produce a variety of supporting documents and cause clients to forgo assistance even w hen the need is persistent due to the routine recertification processes. Beneficiaries in residual programs also carry stigma as they are often regarded as failures, labeled lazy, lacking in morals and dishonest and are often accused of making bad decisions and of needing constant monitoring because of their untrustworthiness. Social welfare Social welfare Is based upon the premise that In an Ideal place, all people are treated with respect and dignity, and that; for a community to be responsive, It needs to be a place where members are valued for who they are and what they can offer the community. The goal of social welfare Is to fulfill the social, financial, health and recreational needs of all Individuals In a society. Social welfare seeks to enhance the social functioning of all age groups, both rich and poor.When other institutions in our society such as family and market economy fails, at times, to meet the basic deeds of individuals, or groups of people, then social welfare is needed and demanded. Richard Times argued that social welfare is much more than aid to the poor, and in fact, represents a broader system of support to the middle and upper class. It is the business of social welfare to: Find homes for apparentness children. Rehabilitate people who are addicted to alcohol.Make life more meaningful to older adults Provide vocational rehabilitation for persons with physical and mental dillydally Meet flannel needs of the poor Rehabilitate Juveniles and adults who have committed criminal offense End all hypes of discrimination and oppression Counteract violence in family including child abuse Provide services to people with WAITS and to their families and friends Counsel individuals and groups experiencing a variety of personal and social difficulties Serve families struck by physical disasters such as fire, hurricanes Provide housing for the homeless When a society strives for community betterment by developing methods and programs to promote social Justice and address social needs, this effort Is referred to as social welfare. However, the [perceptions of social welfare vary and there are several definitions of social welfare. Times, 1995, defines social welfare as: 1.The assignment of claims from one set of people who are said to produce or earn the national product to another set of people who may merit compassion and charity but not economic rewards for productive service. 2. Collective interventions to meet certain needs of individuals and to serve the wider interest of society Other available definitions include: 3. A system of social services and institutions designed to aid individuals and groups o attain satisfying standards of life, health and personal social relationships which permit them to develop their full capacities and promote their well being In harmony with the needs of the families and community (Friendlier,1 995, P. 140) 4. A subject of social policy which may be defined as the formal and consistent ordering of affairs (Gagger & Stores, 2010, P. 3) 5.A nations system of programs, benefits, and services that help people meet those social, economic, education and health needs that are encompasses people health, economic condition, happiness and quality of life. (Seal &Brzuzy,1998, P. ) 7. Society's organized way to provide for the persistent ne eds of all people for health, education, socio-economic support, personal rights and political freedom. Mamma 1995, P. 6) Own definition of social welfare The common themes in the definition above are: 1. Social welfare includes a variety of programs and services that benefit a target group. 2. Beneficiaries are not able to meet their basic needs on their own and so qualify for charity 3.Social welfare involves a system of programs designed to meet the needs of a people socio-economically and social well-being 4. End result of social lifer is to improve well-being of individuals/groups or organizations Therefore, according to me, social welfare refers to a variety of systems, programs and services designed and provided by a society, either on its own or in partnership with other institutions, to meet the specific needs of individual members, groups or communities to ensure a life of dignity for all its members and development of capacities for productive services. Definitions of oth er relevant terms Social services: Services delivered by social welfare agencies. May include individual services or institutional services e. Income projects, housing projects Welfare: Refers to the provision of minimal level of well-being and social support for all citizens, sometimes referred to as public aid. In developed countries, welfare is largely provided by the government and to a lesser extent, charities, informal groups, religious groups and intergovernmental organizations. Social Justice: Refers to ideal conditions in which all members of a society have the same basic rights, protection, opportunities, obligations and social benefit Social welfare policy: A designed framework, sometimes legislated, that offers a remark on how social welfare is provided by the government.Human services: Refers to welfare programs administered by the federal government and by non-profit and for-profit agencies The residual concept asserts that people should take care of themselves and rel y on charity from the government or non-governmental agencies for support only in times of crisis or emergencies. Characteristics of residual social welfare 1. In residual welfare, people are not considered eligible for help until all of their won private resources, which include family wealth and inheritance, help from church, friends, employers and so no, have been exploited. 2. Social services are only welfare one must prove their inability to provide for themselves and their families and this must be documented 4.Beneficiaries are routinely rectified for continued eligibility every few months to determine that they are still unable to meet their needs Residual welfare is mostly carried out by governments using tax funds. It is criticized for being too rigid. Critics say it can create a barrier for those who seek assistance due to the numerous eligibility criteria, which often causes clients to produce a variety of supporting documents and cause clients to forgo assistance even w hen the need is persistent due to the routine recertification processes. Beneficiaries in residual programs also carry stigma as they are often regarded as failures, labeled lazy, lacking in morals and dishonest and are often accused of making bad decisions and of needing constant monitoring because of their untrustworthiness.

A Journal Report of the Asia-Pacific Business Region(APBR) and the Essay - 1

A Journal Report of the Asia-Pacific Business Region(APBR) and the analysis of countries in APBR - Essay Example Military rulers are not given to granting favors to democratically elected governments: China needs energy from Australia at least as much as this southern continent values the business value of this trade. Similarly, Chinese producers, with their great penchant for achieving rapid top-line growth, are under greater pressures to hold their shares of Australian demand for their goods, than the domestic compulsion to reign in inflation ‘down under’. Australia’s special relationship with the United States in this connection, should also serve to protect ideological integrity. Many goods produced in China depend on American branding, and it is therefore premature to conclude that courtesy to a visiting spiritual leader would blow the lid off inflation in Australia! The politics of democracy is so fundamentally different from the tyranny of military dictatorship that economic relationships between countries and blocs which follow one or the other extremes of representation of their respective citizens that trade links should strictly adhere to the principles of professional business management. The industrial, commercial, and financial fronts of Australia (Nolan, 1996), the United States, and other like-minded countries are of dimensions which Beijing can neither deny nor sacrifice at the alter of its maniacal annexation of Lhasa. The amazing and dominating growth of trade between Japan and Australia, to which Appendix 1 refers, has occurred specifically during an age when democracy has replaced an executive monarchy in that country. The autonomy which the Dalai Lama seeks within the embrace of Chinese national union is an excellent model for many agrarian communities in ruled by the Beijing of today. Just as the Balkanization of the erstwhile Soviet bloc has helped rather than hurt the economy of the United States, so the extension of freedom throughout the APBR makes excellent business sense for Australia. The Parliamentary rebuff

Informative Speech (1 page outline and 2 page speech) Essay

Informative Speech (1 page outline and 2 page speech) - Essay Example Finally, giving an overview of how it came to be widely manufactured and consumed all over the world. A. According to mythical origins, cocoa originated from the sacrifice of an Aztec princess who preferred death by the enemy to revealing the secrets of her kingdom. From her blood sprung the delicate cacao plant (Verna, 2013). From the early Aztec cultures, western civilization came in when Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Guanaja and received the gift of a cup of chocolates (Verna, 2013). He then introduced the beans in Spain by offering them to the king and queen. Progressively over the years, it went on to spread and acquired by everyone. C. In the United States, the production of chocolate proceeded at a faster pace than anywhere else in the world. This was motivated by World War II and as discovered chocolate played a role in motivating the armed forces (Szogyi, 1997). With the understanding of where chocolate is from and its history, we are able to appreciate it. Certainly, after this, we will all rush to the store to grab a bar of chocolate and while munching the bar, it is imperative to remember the culture of the Aztec

Columbus first voyage, 1493 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Columbus first voyage, 1493 - Essay Example The author has rightly presented that Christopher Columbus was a navigator and explorer whose mission was to explore to the Indies. During his exploration, Columbus sailed to different locations including the west across the Atlantic Ocean. He had difficulty obtaining support for his plan because European thought the Earth was flat. Columbus’ first journey and discovery were a remarkable event in world history because of its extensive importance. Columbus discovery of the Indies expanded knowledge of the sea and trade routes. His discovery of the wealth in Indies initiated success for most European countries such as Spain in trade and other commercial activities. In addition, Columbus’ discovery motivated other explorers to embark on other voyages that marked the Era of Discovery. New opportunities for commerce were developed for European. Based on reports about Columbus first voyage in 1493, the mission initiated several discoveries and trade among European nations. In his letter, Columbus notified Lord Gabriel Sanchis of his discovery of the islands of India. He expressed the pleasure of having successfully completed the mission to discover the great islands of the sea. His discovery was a plausible step towards opening up avenues of trade. In the Indiana Sea, Columbus discovered islands inhabited by a great population. Columbus named the various islands discovered in the Indiana Sea. These included the islands of Fernandina, Isabella, Juana and Santa Maria. Juana was an extensive island and, therefore, named the province of Cathay.  

Inquiry Brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inquiry Brief - Essay Example My research question is as follows: do medical advancements and biomedical progress outweigh the controversial ethical and moral acts made in stem cell research? My argument is that medical and social benefits stem cell research brings to humanity the past progress and future development of the research. For the purpose of the analysis and argument on stem cell research, three academic sources were selected. The article by L. Leydesdorff and I. Hellsten â€Å"Metaphors and Diaphors in Science Communication: Mapping the Case of Stem-Cell Reseach† in Science Communication examine the term â€Å"stem cell† and how it varies in different contexts of research, applications and policy debates. From the very beginning, authors emphasize the pressing importance of stem cell research, indicating that the United States President George W. Bush addressed the political and social issue of stem cell research, specifically, embryonic stem cell research and it was the first time an American President had gone on national television in a special broadcast on a bioethical issue (Leydesdorff & Hellsten, 71). Later in November 2001, Bush convinced Congress to ban reproductive and therapeutic cloning of stem cells (Leydesdorff & Hellsten, 71). Authors points out that these restrictive policies have greatly affected both scientific research in the United States and the public debate over stem cell research. More specifically Leydesdorff and Hellsten focus on communication of stem cell research to general public and the importance of it to the latter. From the authors’ perspective, it is evident that stem cell research will receive the fullest reception of society. In her book â€Å"Stem Cell Research† Lillian Forman provides a thorough analysis of almost every aspect around stem cell research, from its medical potential and future benefits to policy

Criminal Justice Authority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Justice Authority - Essay Example Individuals ought to obey the law and ensure that they do not go against the rules set by the state. Criminal justice authority needs to conform to the provisions of the law before administering the law (Government of Alberta, 2011). Impunity in the practice of duties should be shunned for it causes mistrust amongst the citizens. There is a need to have a procedure of carrying out activities which offer protection to the citizens from the criminals. The civilian oversight committees play a very pertinent role of balancing the powers of the criminal justice authority (Terrill, 2009). Despite the fact that the criminals are evil doers, they need to be protected from the coercion of rough law enforcers. Discretionary authority can create opportunistic moments whereby coercion of criminals or suspects is upheld (Bruce, 2002). Introduction Criminal justice system practices act of upholding social control, mitigating and deterring crime. Criminal justice is used in sanctioning the individu als who go against the laws set by with rehabilitation efforts and criminal penalties. People accused of crime have protections against abuse of prosecution and investigatory powers. Law is a system of rules enforced through a number of societal institutions (Bruce, 2002). The law serves the purpose of maintaining order in the society by the provision of set of rules which govern the conduct. There is criminal and civil law used in the practice of law in society. Civil laws are the rules and regulations which control grievances and transactions between the citizens in a society while criminal law concerns dangerous actions to the society (Jernigan, 2007). In criminal law, prosecution is pursued by the state rather than individuals. Criminal law provides definitions for crime and possible prescriptions for sentences for the committing of the crime in question (Government of Alberta, 2011). Discretionary authority personnel Discretionary authority entails that there is open authority practice over the criminals. If this authority is not checked, it has its excesses because many people become victims of torture and harassing from the law enforcers. There is a need to have civilians who are non-aligned to forces as a check to the measures in the manner justice is delivered to the victims or criminals. It is not in orders to delivery justice by bending the law because it would spoil the image of the law (Bruce, 2002). The civilian oversight committee helps in affirming confidence to the police departments to the public. They are the check elements who represent the citizens in ensuring that the police follow the law in performing their duties (Terrill, 2009). Civilian oversight committee Civilian oversight committees play a great role in ensuring that the police are fully investigated in case they commit crime sin prevention of the same crime. The term oversight means an ongoing practice whereby each police is held accountable for his or her actions. The committee focuses on achieving accountability by division of power within the law enforcing organization for the purposes of close monitoring. This committee brings forth a democratic society which responds to the concerns of the majority (Government of Alberta, 2011). There is accountability between the oversight bodies and policing departments. The measures

Feminist Criticism on Erin Brockovich Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Feminist Criticism on Erin Brockovich - Essay Example As the report diclares rhetorical criticism centers on the nature of a critical enquiry which is being made. Feminist criticism assumes importance because it is an examination of how existing gender roles are reinforced or challenged through the medium of film. According to Newman (1933), the medium of film is like a mirror that reflects society’s values and beliefs, its hopes and aspirations. The portrayal of gender roles through the medium has a powerful impact and influence upon viewers and can change the way they perceive or embody society delinerated gender roles. According to the research findings female sexuality is the gender artifact in the film. Brokovich wears nine inch heels, tight mini skirts and eye popping low cut blouses that reinforce the society stereotype of â€Å"tart.† Why is this element of sexuality so important in the film? Because of all the connotations that go along with it. The implied promiscuity of the main character could have proved to be a distraction from the important social and political message in the film. But the film is geared to explode the stereotype, through its emphasis on the character’s right to self expression in a manner that satisfies her rather than conforming to society’s expectations of her. The character of Masry, Brokovich’s lawyer who could have negotiated a good settlement in her car accident is dismissive in his attitude because of the male perspective from which he views her – as a sexually promiscuous woman who basically deserves nothing better.

Biology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biology - Research Paper Example The stabilization of soil carbon results in enhanced soil properties like improved aeration, aggregation and water-holding capacity which leads to better crop production and soil conservation (Six, Frey and Thiet). Furthermore, fungal species are also able to extract important minerals and elements from rocks and other geologic matter in a process known as bioweathering (Gadd, Burford and Fomina). Fungi have properties that permit them to work under a wider range of pH conditions, resist the effects of toxic metals, UV radiation, and climatic extremes (reviewed in Gadd, Burford and Fomina). Fungi also have food uses, the most common is the use of yeast to ferment glucose and allow dough to rise and polymerize during bread-making. Other known food uses are production of cheeses and wines, as a substitute for protein foods, and as primary food products. Many are cultivated for food consumption like the common white button, Shiitake and Portobello mushrooms. These have been consumed and cultivated for hundreds of years: for example the consumption of Shiitake as food as been reported since 1313AD while the white button mushroom was first described in 1707 (Baar, Straatsma and Paradi). However, some expensive and rare edible fungi are not yet produced agronomically like truffles, matsutake, and chanterelles. Fungi colonize and penetrate food ingredients which result in the release of enzymes and metabolites that can result in food spoilage. However, the action of these filamentous colonizing fungi, also known as molds or moulds, could also result in fermentation and desira ble changes in foods. Foods like tempeh, tofu, soy sauce, Roquefort cheese, blue Stilton cheese, salami, brie, and rice wine have improved flavors and texture because of the action of different types of moulds (Nouts). A negative aspect of fungi is their ability to cause diseases known collectively as mycoses. According to the US National Center for Health Statistics,

Why is the Walt Disney Company so successful Essay Example for Free

Why is the Walt Disney Company so successful Essay As the process of globalization develops continuously, multinational corporations are much more common nowadays which means intercultural communication has become an important part of daily work in thousands of millions of cross-cultural offices. This thesis will mainly concentrate on discussing and analyzing the Walt Disney Company’s experience of intercultural communication and the useful information we can learn from it so that some misunderstandings and problems can be avoided in some business activities. This thesis will discuss and answer the following questions: 1. What is the Walt Disney Company? 2. What is a cross-cultural working environment like in the Walt Disney World Resort, Orlando, Florida? How do the coordinators deal with different employers from different cultures? 3. What happened when Disney first entered French market? What happened when it first entered Japan? What are the cultural reasons behind these different phenomena? 4. Comparing to other multinational corporations like Starbucks and Ikea, what is the advantage of Disney and what can we use for reference from its experience? Some researches have already been done on related subjects such as intercultural communication management, the importance of cross-cultural communication in business, and the effectiveness of intercultural communication in Human Resource area, etc. Based on these researches, however, my view point as a cast member of the Walt Disney World Resort can be creative and objective. Chapter I What is the Walt Disney Company? In this session, a brief introduction of the Walt Disney Company will be given especially the history of its process of globalization when it tried to get into France, Japan and Hongkong China. Chapter â… ¡ College Exchange Program in the Walt Disney World Resort After providing some information of College Exchange Program, I will concentrate on analyzing Disney’s methods of dealing with foreign Cast Members’ culture shock, cultural conflicts, and coordinators’ different training ways according to their different cultural backgrounds. Besides, a survey will be made to collect CPs’ opinions on how to improve the program or how will their future application affect intercultural communication. Chapter â… ¢ How to Deal with the Frustration in France? In this part, I will introduce the history of Disney first entering France and the cultural crisis it came across there. I will illustrate both the efforts and mistakes made by Disney as well. Comparing to the process it first entering Japan, I will try to engage the different cultural backgrounds with these different phenomena. Chapter â… £ Useful References of Disney’s Experience Comparison will be made in this part between Disney and other multinational corporations and some useful references we can get so as to use them to avoid misunderstandings, sometimes even serious problems in business field.

Ambivalence And Its Imagery In Heart

Ambivalence And Its Imagery In Heart There have been various discourses about a literary world of Joseph Conrad who has been called as one of the great pioneers in 20th English literature. Since he was a Polish author and wrote in English, his vocabulary, grammar and syntax was accepted as unusual and new at that time. Not only these multilingual aspects of him but his personal experience in French, England and Congo as a seaman before a writer deeply affected his many various works such as Almayers Folly, An Outcast of the Islands, Lord Jim, Nostromo, The Secret Agent, The Duel, Victory, The Shadow Line, and The Rover, Heart of Darkness. Moreover, it is important to find the fact that he wrote in the heyday of the British Empire to have a great grasp of his literary world. He wandered European countries and colonies of Europe and then settled in England. As a cosmopolitan as well as a man who always crossed the borderline between a country and a country, his issues of identity fully reflected his works and those issues and his racial and political attitude has often been controversial until now. Of a variety of controversies surrounding Conrads works, the most famous thing was provoked by the Nigerian writer, Chinua Achebe. In his essay, An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness', he regarded that Joseph Conrad was a thoroughgoing racist (260) for reason that Africa itself was a foil to Europe, as a place of negations at once remote and vaguely familiar, in comparison with which Europes own state of spiritual grace will be manifest(261). Conrad, he says, portrays Africa as the other world, the antithesis of Europe and therefore of civilization(253), which makes Achebe say that Conrad took an antipathy against black people. The issue of racism in Conrads novels aroused controversy and it is ongoing now and it was absolutely inevitable considering how political and social situations he lived were. However, we should know that his unique descriptive style was remarked and differentiated from other established authors in England in that his ability to express incomprehensible and mysterious things was outstanding and which contributed to make his works the subject of the controversy and consistently to cause disputes on his certain viewpoint among many scholars who tried to find out it. Furthermore, he formed a diversity of lively discussions with race, social hierarchy and gender awareness as well as his distinct writing style and his complicated narrative structure. He also opened the arena of philosophical and historical arguments beyond literary criticism. Likewise, of the good number of strong points in his pieces, the reason his work, Heart of Darkness is meaningful for us living the present is that this novel surprisingly epitomizes ambivalence which means coexistence of two conflicting values or feelings. To explain, the world we are living is not fixed and secure. As the barriers between countries collapse and the world gets globalized, it is hard to hold a center point we can depend upon and we are in the uncertain situation that threatens our own distinctive identity. Accordingly, if we can try to indirectly understand Conrads ambivalent perspective in such a confused situation, it definitely helps us live our insecure lives. In this paper, I will deal with how Conrads ambivalent feelings and thinking about the wilderness, the African people and the white society was described in Heart of Darkness and look into what an effective imagery he used in embodying it literarily by using visual imagery, auditory imagery and layered narrative. Ambivalence in Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad tries to explore the inner side of a man by providing him with an array of different experiences in an exotic setting in Heart of Darkness. In Joseph Conrads psychological realism, Hyo-won Kim claims that Conrad often depicts psychological shocks and split personality that a protagonist suffers in tension of conflict between modern western civilization and primitive wilderness oxymoronically, an obscure unconsciousness and wonderful world of sub-consciousness of human from a skeptical perspective.(27) These conflicts between unconsciousness, consciousness and manifestation of sub-consciousness are showed in his description of the wilderness, the African people and the white society. 2.1 Ambivalent Description of the Wilderness In Heart of Darkness, the wilderness has two conflicting aspects. One is an object to be conquered by the superior European countries. Another is a sort of spiritual, supernatural existence not to be conquered by human being who is doomed to dead someday. It means that the first aspect is a reflected result of a desire of self-expansion and the second one relates to a desire for protecting oneself who is aware of finiteness of a life. For starters, as Chinua Achebe pointed out, Africa in Heart of Darkness functions as just a backdrop or setting that the protagonist, Marlow enlarged his world view.(60) What is important here is that Conrad overlooked the fact that Africa was also a place that many African people live an ordinary lives like white people do in Europe. He erased the culture and history of Africa and made it an abstract image like a sort of concept, fantasy or idea of European people. It gives European people a chance to make an arbitrary interpretation regardless of a fact, which shows how white European people has perceived and dealt with Africa with a feeling of superiority. For example, we can see this in the comparison between the Thames and the river Congo in the first part. And indeed nothing is easier for a man who has, as the phrase goes, followed the sea with reverence and affection, than to evoke the great spirit of the past upon the lower reaches of the Thames. (Heart of Darkness 2) What greatness had not floated on the ebb of that river into the mystery of an unknown earth! . . . The dreams of men, the seed of commonwealths, the germs of empires. (HD 3) The Thames is described as a starting point of mans intelligence, civilization and refinement. European people have reverence and affection to the Thames because it has the great spirit of the past and symbolizes the dreams of men. Accordingly, it reminds them of their greatness and their great past history. On the contrary, as the antithesis of the Thames, the river Congo is portrayed as the mystery of an unknown earth. (HD 3) The use of definitive word deprives Africa of its historical, cultural and political characteristics and covers the whole thing of Africa under the name of the mystery. The assumption is a tool to make European people invade and exercise a force on Africa as they want. That is, the white people go to Africa to satisfy their curiosity and affirm their assumption seeing only what they want to see there. It reveals transcendental desire of the white people in that they expand their geographical area and then are trying to see what they could not see. However, the white, Marlow who determines to go to Africa with ambitious mind is overwhelmed by the wilderness, which makes him feel like keeping himself away from the truth of things, within the toil of a mournful and senseless delusion.(HD 12) With a sense of awe and fear of the wilderness, he thinks that it blurs perception of reality. It can be interpreted that Marlow unconsciously knows that he is an invader who comes to Africa with a sense of European superiority and in front of the wilderness he feels unconsciously his insignificance, his mortality when he sees the infinite coast that always looks the same. In other words, the wilderness is memento mori to him. We can see that he is aware of the fact unconsciously by the following quotation. We called at some more places with farcical names, where the merry dance of death and trade goes on in a still and earthy atmosphere as of an overheated catacomb; all along the formless coast bordered by dangerous surf, as if Nature herself had tried to ward off intruders; in and out of rivers, streams of death in life. (HD 13) At the same time, he feels uneasy with the idea that the wilderness destroys him and leads him to death. It derives from a sense of guilt about the general European mind that considers nature as a target of conquest and suppression. The expression he uses such as intruders and death in life mirrors his subconscious horror well. 2.2 Ambivalent Description of African People African people, in common with the wilderness, are described differently reflecting Conrads ambivalent mind. Like the wilderness, African people are barbarous and thus an object of subjugation, modernization and detribalization with reason and enlightenment which is a solid foundation for Western imperialism. In contrast, he finds that human beings are always helpless against the force of nature and he sometimes identifies African people with nature. As a result, he also experiences supernatural power from them in harmony with nature. Additionally, what is important here is that he feels a sense of kinship as the same human being. To begin with, Conrad likens African people to black ants, naked beast and he does not forget to refer their skin color which is black. Sometimes, he eliminates their form or their presence by telling them simply black shadows or shades. In An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness, Achebe says that in the place of speech African people made a violent babble of uncouth sounds and exchanged short grunting phrases even among themselves.(57) Likewise, African people has no great difference from beasts in this novel and even reminds us of devil coming from Hell. catch im, he snapped with a bloodshot widening of his eyes and a flash of sharp teeth -catchim. Giveim to us. To you, eh? I asked; what would you do with them? Eatim! he said curtly. . . . (HD 42) His attitude that separates himself from African people by emphasizing their inhumane aspects suggests how he perceives African people. That is, he just seems to want to confirm that he was a more superior, privileged white person. As a result, his purpose of exploration is not based on enlargement of worldview or self-expansion. He just has a sense of pity for the ignorant natives with the superiority of European culture. However, as we discussed in the ambivalent description of the wilderness, there also exists ambivalence about some of the African people. Similarly, Conrad gives supernatural spirit and power to an African woman who is some kind of mistress to Mr. Kurtz. She was savage and superb, wild-eyed and magnificent; there was something ominous and stately in her deliberate progress. And in the hush that had fallen suddenly upon the whole sorrowful land, the immense wilderness, the colossal body of the fecund and mysterious life seemed to look at her, pensive, as though it had been looking at the image of its own tenebrous and passionate soul. (HD 66) Her appearance leads us to think of a possessed shaman who connects this world and the next. A shaman mediates between the world and the next and manages affairs of human that usual people cannot know and do. In this sense, she is a superior existence to Marlow and that is what Conrad suggests. In addition, in Joseph Conrads Ambivalent Criticism of Imperialism, Sang-kee Park explains that this woman in harmony with the background of nature expresses the vital force that European people do not possess. Park also indicates that there is a stark contrast between richness and vigor of the African woman and paleness of the Mr. Kurtzs fiancà ©e.(17) From Achebes claim that Conrad lavishes a whole page quite unexpectedly on the African woman (56), we know Conrads intention showing that Marlow is attracted by her fecundity and full vitality. It means that Marlow is struck as small mortal human being before the woman who symbolizes infinity or a perpetual life. Two kinds of African people I explained above are in the opposite sides and represent Marlows ambivalent feelings of African people. Meanwhile, there is another man who lies between the extremes, who is Marlows African helmsman. He drops down with a spear in his heart and gives his white master a look in final moment. And the intimate profundity of that look he gave me when he received his hurt remains to this day in my memory like a claim of distant kinship affirmed in a supreme moment. (HD 54) After his death, he realizes that a subtle bond between Marlow and his helmsman is broken. A significant point is that he notices a sense of fellowship after death because it suggests that in a matter of life and death human being are equal regardless of race, national identity and power. Furthermore, there are some African people on the verge of starvation who startle Marlow by the fact that they do not eat European people despite of hunger. Marlow finds out that cannibalism is no more than their custom; they also have self- restraint opposed to beasts. Consequently, these direct experiences weaken a deep-rooted previous prejudice or a sense of superiority in Marlow and expand his civilized identity in European cultural context to a cosmopolitans perception. In the Images of the Superior man and the mean man in Heart of Darkness, Cheol-soo Kim says that Conrad pursues Marlow to do self-expansion as a protagonist in the open world by overcoming self-centered viewpoint and escaping himself from a narrow worldview and to recover relationship with others. (7) Additionally, it implies criticism of western culture that constructs self-centered empire as a result of oppressing others. As we examine, the description of the African people in Heart of Darkness has two differen t aspects which are hatred (abomination) as others and affection (fascination) as the same human being. This citation shows that clearly. Land in a swamp, march through the woods, and in some inland post feel the savagery, the utter savagery, had closed round him, all that mysterious life of the wilderness that stirs in the forest, in the jungles, in the heart of wild men. Theres no initiation either into such mysteries. He has to live in the midst of the incomprehensible, which is also detestable. And it has a fascination, too, that goes to work upon him. The fascination of the abomination-you know. (HD 106) Through those proceedings, Marlow seems to approach the truth of a life. However, Conrad never resolves the ambivalence in Marlow even at the ending of this novel. Depending upon the story, we can just assume that a series of experience would enrich Marlows life but cannot conclude what truth is because Conrad sticks to his distinctive oblique writing style. Ambivalent Description of White Society Achebe asserts that the Thames too has been one of the dark places of the earth but conquered its darkness, of course, and is now in daylight and at peace. Then he tells that Conrad divides the river Congo and the Thames into bestiality and civilization. (253) However, description of white society is not always positive even though description about greatness of the Thames is splendid. White society in this novel is seemingly refined and elegant but his underlying idea of it sometimes seems to be inexorable and uncomfortable. We would catch his skeptical tone about white society representing civilization, culture, politics and economy. We can see this in the following scene that Marlow arrives in a city to sign a contract to be a seaman. A narrow and deserted street in deep shadow, high houses, innumerable windows with venetian blinds, a dead silence, grass sprouting between the stones, imposing carriage archways right and left, immense double doors standing ponderously ajar. I slipped through one of these cracks, went up a swept and ungarnished staircase, as arid as a desert, and opened the first door I came to. Two women, one fat and the other slim, sat on straw-bottomed chairs, knitting black wool. (HD 8) As Marlow says that the city makes him think of a whited sepulcher, the image of city is different from what we usually regard crowded and dynamic. His description of the city is prosaic, coercive. Plus, when we recall that a whited sepulcher implies confinement, death and hypocrisy, we can presume his unconscious feelings of the city. Park also says that Belgium, a capital of European imperialism, is showed a whited sepulcher referred in Matthew 23. This expression is originally a figure of speech used by Jesus Christ to criticize a faqih laying stress on formal ostentation and hypocrisy of Pharisee. He claims that the inside of a whited sepulcher is full of death and smuttiness even though the outside of it is beautiful and coated cleanly. (274) Likewise, Conrad portrays Belgium as a place death and hypocrisy which is the center of imperialism. The image of the city gives us a feeling like a phantom town where no human lives and displays that civilization gets rid of vitality of hu man life. We also cannot overlook two women knitting black wool because an act of knitting closely relates to humans impending doom when we recall Charles Dickenss A Tale of Two Cities, in which Madame Defarge knits with the steadfastness of Fate' (HD 103) Thus, the descriptions of the Thames and the city have ambivalence in that each represents light and darkness, peace and death. Additionally, there are many white people in Heart of Darkness. As a foreigner in Congo, Marlow encounters two types of white people. As Marlow decides to go to Congo out of his curiosity and passion, he meets the same kind of people who have inquiring mind or curiosity about life. Marlow first meets a doctor who wants to measure Marlows head saying that I always ask leave, in the interests of science, to measure the crania of those going out there.(HD 10) He is the man who dedicates to a progress of science and believes that he can do it. I have a little theory which you Messieurs who go out there must help me to prove. This is my share in the advantages my country shall reap from the possession of such a magnificent dependency. The mere wealth I leave to others. (HD 10) His remark shows that he does not care of personal economic benefit but he cares of the advance of science and the advantage of empire. The old doctor has a sense of duty, dream and lofty ideal to make new discovery. Marlow then sees a white man under a hat like a cart-wheel beckoning persistently with his whole arm (HD 55) at the river-bank. He is a young Russian man and has looked after Mr. Kurtz. Marlow envies him and he is captivated by his spirit of adventure. If the absolutely pure, uncalculating, unpractical spirit of adventure had ever ruled a human being, it ruled this be-patched youth. I almost envied him the possession of this modest and clear flame. It seemed to have consumed all thought of self so completely, that, even while he was talking to you, you forgot that it was he-the man before your eyes-who had gone through these things. (HD 59) The reason Marlow is enchanted by him is the fact that the Russian man keeps his pure mind and hope even though he is in savage and crude situation contrary to himself who is disappointed by secular white people and fearful barbarism. Meanwhile, the other description is completely different from them. The previous captain before Marlow is murdered by African people. There was misunderstanding about two black hens between the man and African people, in the process, he tried to show self-respect and finally beat the chief with hammer. In A Comparative Study of Narrative Structure on Heart of Darkness Apocalypse Now: Modernism vs. Postmodernism, Mi-Sook Um indicates that he is a precursor of Mr. Kurtz in that he goes to the Africa with a torch to realize noble ideals that enlightens barbarians. (5) In the jungle, Marlow faces impulsiveness and violence of white society when an opportunity offered at last to meet his predecessor, the grass growing through his ribs was tall enough to hide his bones.(HD 7) The Companys chief accountant shows well how western modernization and capitalism covers violent act of crime and a system isolates human from touches of humanity. I met a white man, in such an unexpected elegance of get-up that in the first moment I took him for assort of vision. I saw a high starched collar, white cuffs, a light alpaca jacket, snowy trousers, a clear necktie, and varnished boots. No hat. Hair parted, brushed, oiled, under a green-lined parasol held in a big white hand. He was amazing, and had a penholder behind his ear. (HD 17) Um explains that the chief accountant neglects African peoples groans with starvation and disease and do his work hard, which shows snobbery in that he regards African people as an obstacle in doing his job. (5) His books, which were in apple-pie order (HD 17) means his irrationality because this achievement can be made under exploitation and sacrifice of African people. Marlow calls it achievement and accomplishment. Nevertheless, Marlows remark that his appearance was certainly that of a hairdressers dummy; but in the great demoralization of the land he kept up his appearance (HD 17) unconsciously suggests ugly aspect of humanity and in that sense; the accountant is like a hollow man who have no hearts. In other words, the accountant signifies both extreme moderation, self-control and pitilessness, cruelty. The rest of white people are blind to personal gains and corrupted. That is inside and outside of western European imperialism and we can grasp that it reflects the contradictio n of European ideals from his ambivalent description of the white people. Imagery of Ambivalence There are some effective imageries of ambivalence in Heart of Darkness. To convey his theme symbolically, Conrad often uses visual imagery such as white and black, light and darkness, auditory imagery such as frenzy and silence and unique narrative structure. 3.1 Visual Imagery It is easy to compare Heart of Darkness with an aesthetic architecture because the structure of the story is systematically composed with the beginning, the middle and the end charged of various symbols. The beginning part as embryo of the story starts description of a steamboat. The Nellie, a cruising yawl, swung to her anchor without a flutter of the sails, and was at rest. The sea-reach of the Thames stretched before us like the beginning of an interminable waterway.(HD 1) We can easily bring out a mans exploration against nature or a mans quest into the abyss of the soul with a regard to a boat and the river. Accordingly, the term interminable means invisible reverse of ones soul and the hidden inside of life. In The Mythic Structure of Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, Hyun, Young-Min also explains that Marlows journey into the mystery of an unknown earth thus symbolizes not only mans venture into his past history but also a quest into the abyss of human soul. (14) Likewise, Con rad tries to show inexpressible or incomprehensible things to us by detailed expression like this with these symbols. Conrad often also uses visual contrast such as white and black, light and darkness. The image of whiteness in the story appears in a white sepulcher, ivory and light and white people and the bald head of Kurtz. In the case of light and white people in the beginning part, light and whiteness are a symbol of enlightenment that eliminates darkness representing evil and barbarism but it reveals the other side as the story goes. Park, Sun-Hwa, in To make you see through the Symbols in Joseph Conrads Lord Jim, says that Marlow thinks that the natives are murderer or barbarians with wickedness, aggressiveness and violence before he goes to Congo but he realizes that the natives have strong vitality and are living harmoniously with nature. On the contrary, white people who are exploiting them and make them starve are indeed barbarians. Thus, whiteness suggests hypocrisy of civilized people, and black is the power of life force. (9) We can know these symbols of whiteness in the description of the accountant wearing white clothes and ivory representing of humans self-centeredness, vanity and depravity of human nature. (9) To be specific, Hyun, Young-Min explains that thus this light is suggestive of the whiteness of civilization which blights and impoverishes the black savages relentlessly instead of playing a role of the torch to enlighten them. This light is symbolic of the spiritual emptiness of a white man indicated in Kurtz. The blinding symbolism of European civilization is well expressed in Kurtzs painting of a woman, draped and blindfolded, carrying a lighted torch(HD 25) (12) When we regard destructive nature of fire (torch or light), we can find out that it has ambivalent imagery. The image of black and darkness is referred in the skin color of African people, two women knitting black wool in Brussels, Mr. Kurtz and the wilderness. It is associated with death, horror and emptiness in soul. At first, darkness of the wilderness means both horror and a sense of awe for Marlow because he feels fear of infinite power of nature. Black people are also a target to be improved, humanized to need enlightenment (light). However, as he sees the terrible scenes of imperialism which are suffering beings, a variety of kinds of corruption and Mr. Kurtz who is a devil incarnate, the meaning of darkness comes to change into dark side of civilization and European imperialistic people with profoundly dark souls. That is, he is shocked by the fact that Chaos or Hell expressed as darkness is not in the wilderness, but the world of civilization, culture he lives in. Accordingly, such an ugly truth enlightens Marlow, which could be regarded as being in Hell or Chaos because the truth shakes his world supporting his previous conception and conviction. In the same vein, it closely relates to Marlows significant remark on dying Mr. Kurtz that His was an impenetrable darkness. (HD 75) and Mr. Kurtzs final remark, The horror! The horror! (HD 76) 3.2 Auditory Imagery Especially, Conrad overthrows auditory imagery as regards to the core theme of the story and shows the process that Marlows thinking changes. Silence in the Thames shows peaceful and orderly world that conquered all of the confusion and disorder before. On the contrary, silence in the river Congo is a threat to Marlow because it makes him feel a sense of guilt by giving him time to reflect on himself. And outside, the silent wilderness surrounding this cleared speck on the earth struck me as something great and invincible, like evil or truth, waiting patiently for the passing away of this fantastic invasion. (HD 23) This is because he subconsciously realizes that the reason he is here does not be resulted from simple curiosity and pure passion of exploration. As a result, he feels that he is not different from white people that he gets totally disenchanted. I became in an instant as much of a pretence as the rest of the bewitched pilgrims.(HD 27) Therefore, since the act of soul-searching leads him to see the hidden truth under the surface, he fears of silence in the wilderness that gives a chance of self-examination and makes him know his self-deception. You know I hate, detest, and cant bear a lie, not because I am straighter than the rest of us, but simply because it appals me. There is a taint of death, a flavor of mortality in lies, which is exactly what I hate and detest in the world what I want to forget. (HD 27) In terms of frenzy or noise from wilderness, he considers it primitive for the reason that African people are all savage and barbarous at first. Nevertheless, he becomes confused as he sees the brutal scenes of imperialism, so eventually he starts feeling that it is fury of nature. Perhaps on some quiet night the tremor of far-off drums, sinking, swelling, a tremor vast, faint; a sound weird, appealing, suggestive, and wild and perhaps with as profound a meaning as the sound of bells in a Christian country. (HD 19) Free from a private individual, he thinks that invaders coming to Africa are receiving punishment for Europe-centered mind which conquers and exploits nature and only pursues ones benefit. Compared to a bell in a Christian country, it shakes the earth because the sound of nature relates to the conscience in humans mind. As for the final burst of Kurtz, it is the moment of change from Marlows previous abstract ideal idea to realization of reality. He always listens about Mr. Kurtz from the general manager, the accountant and the Russian man in the station. The stories about Kurtz are just full of words like God. He was just a word for me.(HD 27) Finally he listens to his voice though. It means the distance between our idea or expectation and the real situations. Although His expectation to meet Kurtz realizes, he finds out Kurtz degrades beyond his control and reason. However, we should remember that this story is also handed down by the listeners, who are Marlow and anonymous speaker. Accordingly, it shows that there is always room for reinterpretation, distortion and beatification. I did not see the man in the name any more than you do. Do you see him? Do you see the story? Do you see the anything? It seems to me I am trying to tell you a dream making a vain attempt, because no relation of a dream can convey the dream-sensation, that commingling of absurdity, surprise, and bewilderment in a tremor of struggling revolt, that notion of being captured by the incredible which is of the very essence of dreams. . . . (HD 27) Finally, when we consider that voice instantly disappears as soon as it emanates, we can understand that it is analogy of our mortal life. No matter how we try to approach the truth, it is demanding to have a clear sense of it. In addition, the meaning of such an act or the truth is likely to get discolored because we are living in a limited time. All we can do is interminable effort as if we walk in complete darkness. 3.3 Imagery of Narrative Above all, when we read the beginning part of the story, it does not seem to be interested in the very corner story as if glow brings out of a haze.(HD 3) A detailed portrayal of landscape discourages us to read and catch it because diffuse sentences and overflowing adjectives overwhelm us. Therefore, we cannot get the idea because even making a picture in our head reaches a limit even though visual details should extend the range of perception. Interestingly, though, that is how to Conrad displays his idea, which is a symbolic setting. That is, he takes advantage of the fact that we cannot comprehend feelings and situations at that time because those moments already passed and even we pick a story up from others. The point is that it is inevitable that there are gaps between idea and reality, the real situation and experience that we think and rearrange by our feeling and thinking. For example, it applies to Marlows journey because he goes to Congo with yearning for exploration but he becomes disillusioned. It shows that his ideal idea is betrayed by reality. Furthermore, since Marlow depicts his past experience, his depiction might have been changed by his subjective analysis. Kurtzs story is also conveyed by Marlows perspective. In addition, an anonymous speaker is telling Marlows story, which means that opinions of the anonymous speaker are projected in the story. In this sense, in Vision, Illusion, and Misinterpretation in Conrads Under Western Eyes, Jong-Seok Kim indicates that of special importance is the fact that the problem of illusion is not restricted to the novels protagonist and narrator alone; it is also true of the novels other main characters. For them, the world is like a blank page on which they project their own ideas, hopes, prejudices, and des

Self-Presentation Essay -- Sociology, Social Evaluation

Self-Presentation by definition is â€Å"the process by which people monitor and control the impressions others form of them in social situations (Leary & Kowalski, 1990). In essence, this is impression management in which we are able to omit, or present aspects of self in order to make a desired impression. Self-presentation through research has shown that it affects athletes in many forms. Research of sources of stress during competition showed that the most frequent source of stress was significant others, competitive anxiety, and social-evaluation and self-presentation. (James, & Collins 1997) The largest stressor reported was stress from a significant other where ninety percent of participants reported that at least one individual caused stress. Another source of stress, self-presentation, was found to be an underlying factor. That many athletes feel the need to meet others expectations, prove their worth, or fear being criticized due to socially determined goals. Stress was shown to either increase the perceived self-presentational importance of the competition, or that the fear of failure or personal performance lowered self-presentational efficacy. Prior research has also shown that athletes may participate in self-presentational process which relate to health-damaging behaviors. These behaviors may contain drug abuse, not wearing proper safety equipment, and failing to seek medical attention when needed. Only limited research has been completed with regard to desired impression and health risk behaviors. Undependable evidence does support that there is such a relationship between risking ones health in order to promote a desired self-impression. Research has also found that athletes find a favorable image with regard to pl... ...r to prevent them. Self-presentation in these interviews has a connection with a singular influence. Both individuals’ behaviors are highly connected with one person, and if this is the case with more people then providing education for coaches, and parents could facilitate healthier self-presentational views. Having the person of influence stress health instead pushing through injuries, and showing the ability to care about the person and not just the performance may take some off the anxiety, and stress off of the athlete. Self-Presentational concerns may also be used in a positive fashion such as stressing the idea being in shape in order to perform to the best of your ability for themselves, teammates, and the coaches. However, it must also be made aware that when injury occurs that practicing through it without making others aware is a negative situation.

The Devil Of Tom Walker And Th Essay -- essays research papers

Despite the evidence that Washington Irving uses to show his love for America in his stories, he portrays some characters in the Devil and Tom Walker and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow as greedy. Irving shows concern for America by placing stories in uniquely American moments. In this essay I will prove through passages and quotes from Irving's stories that he shows his love for America in his stories and portrays some characters as greedy in the two stories. The historical settings of these stories is made apparent by the use of elements common to the revolutionary era. In The Devil and Tom Walker when Irving is describing the setting he gives an impression that it took place in America. In describing the setting he says, "It had been the stronghold of the Indians during their war with the colonists." Since the war took place in America this is one evidence of his love for America. Another is when Irving is describing the devil and he makes the point that he a particularly American devil. When the devil first meets Tom and the devil is telling him about himself he says, "I amuse myself by presiding at the persecutions of Quakers and Anabaptists; I am the great patron and prompter of slave dealers and the grandmaster of the Salem witches." In The Legend of Sleepy Hollow there are many American traits in the description of the setting. It is said by some to be the ghost of a Hessian trooper, whose head had been car ried away by a...

The Three Types of Diabetes :: Health Disease Disorder Essays Papers

The Three Types of Diabetes Do you know what the number six cause of death in America is? If not, it is diabetes. Diabetes is climbing the charts faster than any other cause of death. Diabetes comes in many different variations, but there are three main types. Type one is called Juvenile Diabetes, type two is called Adult Diabetes and the third type is called Gestational Diabetes. While all three are very dangerous there are ways to help control the disease. If that is by taking insulin or by doing what everybody should be doing already, which is eating healthy and exercising on a daily basis. Another good thing is that there are many different symptoms that are noticeable. It is very important for the individual to recognize these symptoms because they have serious implications if left untreated. For the people with and/or without diabetes there are many different ways to become informed about this disease and help out the existing groups. The first type of diabetes is Juvenile diabetes. Children who are diagnosed with this type one diabetes don’t have the ability of making insulin cells made in the pancreas. Your pancreas makes absolutely no insulin. The insulin lowers the level of glucose in the blood stream. It also is a hormone that converts the food we eat into valuable energy. The pancreas will release a certain amount insulin until the level of Homeostasis. Even though this type is found mostly in children, it can occur at any age. Early on, people thought Juvenile diabetes was two different types, one in kids and then one in adults. Now, we know there are no little differences, it is the same form. Current research shows that Juvenile diabetes is an auto-immune disorder. Type one accounts for about ten percent of all people with diabetes. To solve this problem, people have to take an injection of insulin to metabolize the glucose in your blood. The symptoms usually appear suddenly. The sy mptoms are: constant urination, extreme hunger or thirst, weight loss, weakness and tiredness. There are many different companies that support and give many thousands of dollars to foundations that want to stop this terrible disease. One example is JDRF’s Unite to Cure Juvenile Diabetes. This is a two-year national campaign to raise awareness of diabetes research.

Ideal Student

With scholarship, one may subdue savants in court; Brave in spirit, one may fight courageous battles; Born a king, one might rule over an Empire; One may even land on the moon; But of what use are all these achievements, If one is not able to control the mind and the senses, And uphold eternal human values? My Teachers, Fellow Students, Boys and Girls! The world badly needs today ideal students with exemplary character instead of wealth and prosperity. The progress of the nation depends on such students alone. It is such sacred practices alone that have protected ideal students through the ages.My Teachers, Fellow Students, Boys and Girls! Unfortunately, Islamic values declined in the course of time among us. Today’s student has completely forgotten all about our Islamic culture and human values. We need to find them in our self and must spread in our society. We always speak truth and follow the path of honesty and justice. This is the most important factor to become an ideal student. Fellow Students, Boys and Girls! True Knowledge is another barometer against which we can measure in an Ideal Student.Knowledgeable students always respect by the society and admire by the world. His knowledge always makes pride to his parents, family and school. Fellow Students, Boys and Girls! We are the future citizens of this country. We all could become ideal students for the glory of our nation. It can be revived only if we become the torchbearers because falsehood, injustice, bad conduct, and evil are widespread in our country. We need to fight against them getting excellent knowledge and taking an active role to spread joy and happiness among our society. Thank You and God bless you all†¦!

INTERNATIONAL TRADE Essay

1. Who benefits from the government policies to (a) promote production of ethanol and (b) place tariff barriers on imports of sugar cane? Who suffers as a result of these policies? ANS: Benefiters in promoting production of ethanol: -Corn producers. They get subsidies from the government and get a free way of marketing from the government. The government promotes consumption of ethanol, ethanol is produced out of corn, so indirect marketing for corn farmers that will get more demand out of policies that promote ethanol. -Ethanol sellers. -People all around the world. As to be seen in the direction of global warming, you can say that using ethanol is better. But using ethanol leads to increasing food prices. So there is a negative and a positive side. -Businesses. If farmers get subsidies from the government they can lower their price. If farmers lower their price, the production to produce ethanol becomes cheaper thus making ethanol cheaper. Businesses that use ethanol will have a cheaper price, reducing costs and increasing profits. -The Government. In a democratic society we are seeing right now that a lot of people go green. When going green the government is trying to let you know that he cares about the world and he wants to make it better. It is a win win situation because there are no people in our opinion that are opposed in going green, but they are a lot of followers and possible followers that support an environmental friendly world. Benefiters in placing tariff barriers on imports of sugar cane: -The Gove rnment. They get all the money out of these tariffs. Sufferers as a result of these policies: -Countries that produce sugar for a living. Profit goes dramatically down when talking about a 25 to 50% import tariff. -Countries that set import tariffs for sugar. Countries that produce sugar can have put import tariffs themselves as protection against the country that has an import tariff on them. And countries that produce sugar can consider other possibilities when exporting their product to another country. They can acknowledge that it is not in their best interest to produce products to a land where import tariffs are so ridiculously high. They can see other possible solutions. 2.  One estimate suggests that if food prices rise by one third, they will reduce living standards in rich countries by about 3 percent, but in very poor ones by about 20 percent. According to the International Food Policy Research Institute, unless policies change, cereal prices will rise by 10 to 20 percent by 2015, and the expansion of bio-fuel production could reduce calorie intake by 2 to 8 perc ent by 2020 in many of the world’s poorest nations. Should rich countries do anything about this potential problem? If so,what? ANS: Rich countries should not give any subsidies to the bio-fuel corn farmers. They should decrease import tariffs so that it can be cheaper for countries that produce sugar (and so they can make bio-fuel out of sugar) thus increasing the amount of sugar that countries can export. They should develop new ideas in how they can attack environmental changes through cost-effective ways. 3. The argument for giving subsidies to ethanol producers rests upon the assumption that ethanol results in lower CO2 emissions than gasoline and therefore benefits the environment. If we accept that global warming is a serious problem in itself, should we not be encouraging government to increase such subsidies? What are the arguments for and against doing so? On balance, what do you think is the best policy? ANS: When the government started to subsidies farmers who grow crops. So they could turn them into bio – fuels ( primarily corn and soy beans ). More farmers where now planting crops, because then they got subsidies from the government. It’s also very good for th e environment. But it also has a negative side. When more farmers where planting crops. There was an dramatic effect on the demand for corn and soy beans. It increased very fast that in 2007 the U.S was responsible for half the global increase for the demand on crops. But when this happened the high tariffs where shutting out producers of the product sugar cane. So they could compete with the other products because the prices were so high. And that’s very unfortunately because sugar cane is an more friendly environment material than crops and soy beans. I think the best policy is to reduce the high tariffs on the other products. Because the sugar cane is even more environment friendly. And isn’t that what it’s all about, reducing the global warming effect. So I think they should drop the high tariffs and introduce the sugar cane.

Zen Psychology

In all that we learn, finding peace in all the hurt and happiness, tears and laughter, and ups and downs is not an easy thing. Finding the inspiration to accomplish the things that will make us feel like fulfilled human beings is not an simple task. Like a wise person once said â€Å"Why is it that the deeper you go, the bigger it gets? † What drives great men to do great things? What drives evil men to do evil things? How can I find the courage inside me to accomplish all that I want to do, much less, figure out what I want to do? Life is full of different choices, which inevitably lead to different questions. Working, going to school, quitting your job, or moving to India all eventually lead to the question: What am I going to do with my life now? Zen, is not an answer to these problems. Zen is more of a psychological application rather then a philosophical school of thought. It doesn’t try to touch on metaphysics, spirituality, or anything of the sort. It is more of a complex psychology of acceptance, which turns out to be extraordinarily simple. Humans are afflicted with all external forms of life: we are subject to life and death, pleasure and pain, love and fear, good and evil, beautiful and ugly. We tend to sway, or strive towards one side, and reject its opposite. There is no real escape of one or the other, yet we somehow believe that sooner or later, we will be able to conquer the other side if we stay focused long enough. We often strive for good, hoping the evil in our lives will disappear. But the inevitable always arises, and we find ourselves in the same place that we started. Why is this? From a more Taoist point of view, life could not be without death. Pleasure could not exist without pain. Good could not exist without evil. Growth could not exist without stagnation. If the opposites are dependent on one another, why do we feel inclined to strive for one and reject the other? Why are we so afraid of what’s on the other side of the border? Zen is the psychology of accepting both sides. It is accepting that good and evil are both a part of your life, so there is no need to strive for one or fear the other. Pain is essential for pleasure, if pleasure is to be known as pleasure. Therefore, denial of one of these sides is like denying the existence of both ends. If we believe that evil cannot exist, then good cannot exist, because then there is nothing to compare it to. However, if we accept that both good and evil exist in our lives, it can allow us to feel more at home in the world. We can feel that the world is already whole, and that our lives are already perfect because we are living it. Acceptance also opens up the freedom in our lives. By accepting that we could one day be a failure, we start removing the fear of failure from our want to succeed. Our striving to succeed is then a choice, and not a product of our fear. Through our acceptance of our own fears, we will conquer them. But what is truly accepting everything in life? How can we truly accept everything that happens to us? Would making an effort to change be just another attempt to escape an aspect of ourselves? After all, to truly be accepting, you have to accept that you may not be truly accepting, right? Acceptance is not changing things at all, yet at the same time, a change takes place by accepting. This is the dilemma that the Zen philosophy faces. To be accepting, we can’t be forceful with life. We must accept all as it is, and let everything go. How the heck can we do that? Zen teaches that the only way to be truly accepting, is to live in the now. We hear that all the time, â€Å"Live in the now. Live in the now. What does â€Å"living in the now† actually mean? By losing the foresight of the future, or hindsight in the past, we open up that world of acceptance. Some people will steal because they see that they have something more in their future. Some people will do good deeds because they feel that later on, they will feel better about themselves. Living in the now, is discarding the past, not looking to the future, and just enjoying life as it is. Living in the now holds onto nothing, but accepts everything, because it’s a state of just awareness. Zen teaches that life is life, and nothing more, so we shouldn’t try to make it something that it isn’t. It is like the concept of the time of now, the concept exists, yet we can never hold on to it. Living in the now lets us see that all aspects of life are strangely beautiful and complex. Life is almost one of the most outrageous concepts ever thought of. We go through life, and we search for the answers, but oftentimes the search becomes so strong that we forget to live, we forget to smile, we forget that â€Å"it’s all good in the hood. † Zen tries to take it one step further, taking that frame of mind to every single moment of one’s life. It doesn’t teach us to follow certain ideals, it just teaches us to let go, and enjoy life as it is.

Organization That Helps The Disabled: United Cerebral Palsy Essay

â€Å"We strive to build a better world for tomorrow—today. † This is one of the missions of United Cerebral Palsy, a non-profit organization that helps people with cerebral palsy and other related disabilities. It is committed to bring out change and foster hope for disabled people. It is a national organization that has tons of affiliates and is considered to be one of America’s largest health charitable organizations. Cerebral palsy is a serious disability that should not be neglected. It is â€Å"a collection of motor disorders caused by brain damage that happens before, during, or after birth. 2 A child with cerebral palsy has abnormalities in movement patterns and demonstrates poor balance and coordination. Still, a person who is diagnosed with cerebral palsy should never lose hope. This is because the disorder is not a progressive one. This means that it is static and does not go worse as time goes by. There are medical treatments being given by experts to manage cerebral palsy and achieve maximum potential in growth and development. â€Å"Cerebral† pertains to the brain, and â€Å"palsy† means muscle weakness or poor control. 3 It is a disease which is not merely caused by malfunctioning of nerves or muscles. However, it can also result in muscle spasticity which may grow, worsen, or stay unchanged. Although it is a disease that cannot be cured, there are trainings and therapies that can help improve the functioning. 4 Through dedicated organizations such as the United Cerebral Palsy, these trainings, therapies, and additional services can be provided to patients who are afflicted with this disability, improving their lives as a result. United Cerebral Palsy was founded in the 1940’s during the time when people with cerebral palsy do not see a ray of hope to change their conditions. The said organization stressed that â€Å"there were not many options for people with cerebral palsy and other disabilities and their families. †5 Most cases of cerebral palsy among families opted to confine the patient to institutions separated from the rest of the society. Parents of children with cerebral palsy who decided to keep their child inside their homes suffered from isolation, helplessness, and frustration. They had to endure this suffering until the year 1948, when the fate of cerebral palsy patients was changed through the aid of two New York families. Leonald Goldenson, the president of United Paramount Theater and ABC Television, together with his wife Isabelle, coordinated with Jack Hausman a prominent New York businessman and his wife Ethel. The two couples were blessed with children diagnosed with cerebral palsy. The two families decided that they need to take action in order to improve their children’s quality of life. They made it possible by posting an ad in the New York Herald Tribune to encourage families who wanted change for their family members with cerebral palsy. The ad was received warmly by â€Å"hundreds of early parents of children with cerebral palsy and other disabilities. † Upon seeing the ad, they immediately responded it and decided to get actively involved in the crusade that the Goldensons and Hausmans started. 7 Hence, the National Foundation for Cerebral Palsy was founded. Around 12,000 people from various parts of the â€Å"United States, Canada, Europe, and South America† gathered to participate in the first ever Cerebral Palsy Conference. From its first name, it was changed to United Cerebral Palsy (UCP) and was recognized as a national organization in 1949. After that, many affiliates of UCP were established across America. The organization’s cause increased the public’s awareness on the truth behind cerebral palsy and what the organization can offer to families and people who are confronted by problems regarding developmental disabilities. UCP also caught the media’s attention, making the organization more known to many people. UCP is also composed of highly acclaimed people from the entertainment and political arena. This is an organization with a cause that used various means of letting the public know how it can support and be part of the fight to improve the lives of cerebral palsy patients. There were films that are produced to raise funds for the organization which starred famous celebrities such as John Wayne, Gene Kelly, Henry Fonda and Danny Thomas. 10 From such films, not only the public’s awareness about cerebral palsy was increased, the funding needed to support the movement was obtained as well. Marie Kilillea, one of UCP’s volunteer, wrote a novel entitled Karen which became a best seller in 1952 and has never been out of print ever since. Public school students of that time were required to read the novel in order to know more about cerebral palsy. The organization even managed to launch its first ever telethon entitled Celebrity Parade which discussed everything about cerebral palsy. The said program was aired for 15 hours and was able to raise funds summing up to a total of $972,106. 12 UCP faced several changes and challenges since the year it was founded until the present. It continuously brings hope to the disabled and encourages families to support each other and cooperate with the mission of UCP. In 1990, â€Å"UCP was a major leader in the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act which, for the first time, extends basic civil rights protections to persons with disabilities in the areas of employment, transportation, public accommodations and telecommunications†13. The organization’s website was launched in 1994, making it accessible for people all over the world. An award from the American Society of Association Executive’s prestigious Summit Award for its ADA Report Card on America and its impact on improving the lives of people with disabilities nationwide was also given to UCP, which brought more honor to the organization. For the succeeding years, television events, educational campaigns, and other public service announcements were made to popularize the organization and its mission. At present, UCP is now on its 58th year of service to the people with cerebral palsy and to the people who give their undying support to the patients. The United Cerebral Palsy mission statement is to â€Å"advance the independence, productivity and full citizenship of people with disabilities through an affiliate network†14. The affiliates of UCP provide financial support to the organization, which is the primary source of the organizations’ funds. The financial statement of the organization can be accessed on their website to let the public know its assets and liabilities. Through the help of its affiliates, UCP offers its helping hand daily to over 170,000 disabled children and adults with disabilities and their families. 15 There are fund raising activities done to accumulate financial resources to support the organization’s needs. Aside from the money gathered from donors and members, there are also services including â€Å"housing, therapy, assistive technology training, early intervention programs, individual and family support, social and recreation programs, community living, state and local referrals, employment assistance and advocacy† given out to cerebral palsy patients and their families. 16 Interview Upon interviewing one of the staff members of UCP (whose name does not want to be mentioned), I was able to gain more knowledge of how the organization works and adheres to its mission. He confidently answered all of my questions about UCP and how people’s involvement is vital for the organization to achieve its goals. Without their help, the organization could not have lasted for many years. He is proud to say that UCP survived 58 years of service to people with cerebral palsy and other disabilities. It has inspired their families by helping them to accept the condition of their family member and by providing them the support and attention that they need. The USP does not stand today as it is because of the funds gathered and the services that were given. The dedication and commitment of each member, affiliate, and staff make UCP fulfills its mission. Because of organizations like USP, people with cerebral palsy and other disabilities can have a taste of normal life by creating a better and normal world for the patients. Conclusion In the case of United Cerebral Palsy, I can say that it is an organization with a heart. It aims to end the feeling of isolation and depression by people who suffer from cerebral palsy, as well as their families. It was founded to ease the burden carried by families who were separated from their family members with cerebral palsy. Through organizations such as UCP, the person with cerebral palsy can also achieve development without moving out of their homes and entering institutions. It is inspiring to know that there are people united by one mission to give a brighter future for people with cerebral palsy and other disabilities, as these people are often pitied, mocked, and bullied. Indeed, USP is an organization that is founded with love, devotion and care.